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Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan: Transforming Education in India

Karan Ghongade June 24, 2025 0


📚 Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan: Transforming Education in India

Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan is a flagship integrated education scheme launched by the Ministry of Education, Government of India. The program aims to provide inclusive, equitable, and quality education from pre-school to senior secondary level (Class 12). It subsumes three major existing schemes: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), and Teacher Education (TE), unifying all efforts under one umbrella.

📌 Objective of Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan

The core aim is to ensure universal access, retention, quality enhancement, and equity in education. The mission supports the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 by focusing on:

  • Holistic development of children

  • Foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN)

  • Vocational education

  • Inclusive and digital education

  • Teacher training and capacity building

🗓️ Launch & Implementation

  • Launched: 2018 (revised in 2021 under NEP 2020)

  • Ministry: Ministry of Education (Department of School Education & Literacy)

  • Coverage: Pre-primary to Class 12

  • Funding Pattern:

    • 60:40 for General States

    • 90:10 for North-Eastern States, UTs with legislatures

    • 100% Central Assistance for UTs without legislatures

🎯 Key Goals of Samagra Shiksha

  1. Improve school infrastructure and facilities.

  2. Provide quality education through improved learning outcomes.

  3. Bridge gender and social gaps.

  4. Promote use of ICT and digital learning.

  5. Develop skills and vocational training from school level.

  6. Support children with special needs (CWSN).

  7. Ensure Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) by Class 3.

  8. Provide free textbooks, uniforms, and Mid-Day Meals (MDM).

🏛️ Main Components of Samagra Shiksha

1. Access & Retention

  • Establishment of new schools and additional classrooms.

  • Transportation facilities in remote areas.

  • Residential schools and hostels in tribal and backward areas.

2. Equity

  • Focus on education of girls, SC/ST, OBC, minorities, and CWSN.

  • Special training for out-of-school children.

  • Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) for girls.

3. Quality Education

  • Distribution of NCERT textbooks.

  • Learning enhancement programs and remedial teaching.

  • National Achievement Surveys (NAS) and Performance Grading Index (PGI).

4. Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN)

  • Implemented through the NIPUN Bharat Mission.

  • Aims to ensure that every child in Grade 3 can read and perform basic math by 2026-27.

5. Digital Initiatives

  • Smart classrooms, digital boards.

  • Use of DIKSHA platform, e-content, and online teacher training.

  • ICT labs and IT-enabled learning for students.

6. Inclusive Education

  • Financial support for Children With Special Needs (CWSN).

  • Resource rooms, assistive devices, and Braille books.

  • Appointment of special educators.

7. Teacher Training and Capacity Building

  • Continuous professional development through NISHTHA (training platform).

  • Regular in-service training and performance evaluation.

8. Vocational Education

  • Integration of vocational courses in Classes 9 to 12.

  • Hands-on experience, industry visits, and practical skills in trades like agriculture, IT, retail, and tourism.

9. School Infrastructure Development

  • Construction of classrooms, libraries, science labs, toilets, and boundary walls.

  • Drinking water and hand-washing facilities.

📲 Use of Technology in Education

Samagra Shiksha promotes technology through:

  • DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing)

  • Shaala Siddhi, Shaala Darpan, and UDISE+

  • NAS (National Achievement Survey) and Learning Outcomes Framework

  • e-Pathshala and mobile apps for learning

👧 Support for Girls’ Education

  • Expansion of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) up to Class 12.

  • Additional support for sanitary pads, hygiene, and counseling.

  • Special initiatives like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao are aligned with Samagra Shiksha.

📈 Monitoring and Evaluation

  • Use of Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE+) for data collection.

  • Performance Grading Index (PGI) for state-wise ranking.

  • Independent evaluations, learning assessments, and third-party audits.

🧮 Budget Allocation

As per recent allocations:

  • Over ₹37,000 crore was allocated in the Union Budget 2024-25.

  • Significant portion dedicated to infrastructure, FLN mission, and digital education.

🤝 Partnerships

The government works with:

  • NGOs

  • International agencies like UNICEF and World Bank

  • State and district authorities

  • CSR and private sector for digital education and infrastructure

📋 Benefits to Stakeholders

Stakeholder Benefits
Students Free books, uniforms, mid-day meals, better learning outcomes
Teachers Training, e-learning content, digital tools
Schools Infrastructure grants, smart classrooms
Special needs children Inclusive education and assistive aids
Girls KGBVs, sanitary provisions, hostel facilities

🌐 Useful Links

📝 Conclusion

Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan is a transformational initiative that unifies all aspects of school education under one comprehensive mission. By focusing on access, equity, quality, and accountability, it is laying the foundation for an inclusive and future-ready education system. With its alignment to the NEP 2020, Samagra Shiksha holds the key to empowering every child in India with the right to education and the skills for tomorrow.

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